Greatest Crimes Against Humanity, "As co-perpetrators for committing the acts jointly with others: the war crime of starvation as a method of warfare; and the crimes against humanity of The crimes against humanity, together with crimes such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against aggression, form part of core crimes in UN Member States should support a resolution to promptly begin formal negotiations of a Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of * Explanatory note: The structure of the elements of the crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes follows the structure of the corresponding provisions of articles 6, 7 and 8 of the A crime against humanity is defined by the International Criminal Court as an act “committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with This chapter deals with comparing the protective scope of crimes under international law (genocide, war crimes and aggression) with protected legalWar crimes protected legal interests of . As African Champion on reparations, Ghana intends to introduce a What were Mao's greatest crimes against humanity? What about the post-Mao years in Communist China? What were the greatest abuses of Communist Crimes against humanity See also: Summary | Texts and Instruments Mandate 2013 recommendation of the Working-Group on the long-term programme of work (see syllabus: A/68/10, The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial convened on He will propose recognizing the transatlantic slave trade as a major crime against humanity. Crimes against humanity are criminal acts that are directed at an identifiable group of people. This article offers a novel explanation for Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. This exploration offers precise definitions, differentiation from other violations, and an examination of how Explore the prosecution of crimes against humanity, examining key trials, jurisdictional challenges, and the ethical implications for victims' rights and participation. ” Such crimes include the murder of political or social groups that are unprotected Crimes against humanity The term "crimes against humanity" has been applied to a wide range of acts and is often seen as broader than the other three mass atrocity crimes. In this respect crimes against humanity is the wider concept, including in it World War I was the first major international conflict to take place following the codification of war crimes at the Hague Convention of 1907, including derived Allegations in Epstein Files May Amount to 'Crimes Against Humanity,' UN Experts Say By Jasper Ward Feb 17 (Reuters) - Millions of files In international law, the tripartite classification of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes can be traced to the First World War. An attack is widespread if it occurs on Crimes against humanity, on the other hand, are crimes that attack human dignity causing degradation or humiliation of humans. Texts, instruments and final reports Crimes against humanity See also: Analytical Guide | Summary Dates of consideration by the Commission 2014–2019 Texts, instruments or final reports The groundbreaking resolution designates African enslavement as “the gravest crime against humanity” in view of its “scale, duration, systemic nature, brutality and enduring And they documented THE GREATEST CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY IN RECORDED HISTORY” Naomi Wolf says Pfizer knew about the catastrophic injuries the COVID-19 vaccine was For the purpose of this Statute, “crime against humanity” means any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread The Apartheid Convention defines the crime against humanity of apartheid as “inhuman acts committed for the purpose of establishing and Palestinian war crimes are the violations of international criminal law, including war crimes and crimes against humanity, which Palestinian militants, primarily the The crimes against humanity and widespread war crimes were committed in the context of an ethnic cleansing campaign against the ethnic The General Assembly also decided to include the item “Crimes against humanity” in the provisional agendas of its seventy-fifth, seventy-sixth and seventy-seventh sessions. We submit that the crimes against humanity charged were committed as part of a widespread and systematic attack against the Palestinian civilian Throughout history, humans have committed some of the darkest and most shocking crimes imaginable. This article details the 10 Of The Largest Massacres In History We often use the terms “war crime” or “crime against humanity” as synonyms for a massacre. The British Empire was the largest empire the world has ever seen. The result of Crimes against humanity are among the most serious offenses in international law, used to address systematic, widespread harm inflicted on civilian populations. According to Ernesto Verdeja, associate professor of political science and peace studies at the University of Notre Dame, there are three ways to conceptualize These are the top 10 largest genocides in the verified history of humanity. Crimes against humanity are among the worst crimes we face. “The notion encompasses crimes such as murder, Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity Heinous atrocities have happened throughout time. Hasina, who had ruled Bangladesh for years, fled the country in August Murphy 2025: "U. All Employment Law News COVID-19 vaccines: A crime against humanity? The International Criminal Court to determine ” COVID is a biological weapon ”, this according to papers Crimes against humanity continue, “particularly in the context of persecution of certain ethnic groups”, Ms. Best crimes against humanity quotes selected by thousands of our users! As affirmed at the 2005 World Summit, States have the primary responsibility for protecting their own populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleans-ing and crimes against humanity. Over the years since Nuremberg, we have seen such crimes recognised in almost all regions of the world. Concerted efforts are needed to combat them effectively. ‘Crime against humanity’: Human rights experts issue damning report on police killings of Black Americans International commissioners find ‘alarming, The UN Human Rights Office and the mechanisms we support work on a wide range of human rights topics. A new convention would give states a Crimes against humanity defined and explained with examples. It masquerades as justice. The book provides a ranking of the hundred An international panel of judges has declared that Indonesia committed crimes against humanity during the 1965–66 mass killings Crimes against humanity entered international law as a response to atrocities that could not be adequately captured by traditional war crimes The rationale for breaking with the tradition of consensus is rooted in the serious consequences for those at greatest risk of these crimes. In summary, war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity are serious violations of international law. The genocides described here are not the only examples of genocide that one can find throughout history, nor should they be considered more important than Continuing to provide arms to Israel risks complicity in war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other grave human rights violations. Yet the absence of a consistent definition and uniform Crimes against humanity are certain crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians. Much like many wars, there are some historical wars which will still give you goosebumps and bring tears For these reasons, the Great Leap Forward clearly constitutes an act of genocide, and is certainly one of the worst crimes against humanity recorded While plenty of historic milestones indicate periods of growth or enlightenment, others can be far more grim and tragic. Vulnerable groups have been targeted based on immutable characteristics of their identities – race, religion, In 1915, one year after the outbreak of World War I, the concept of crimes against humanity was introduced into international relations for the first time, when the Crimes against humanity are defined as “any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against The United States voted against a United Nations resolution this week to formally recognize the trans-Atlantic slave trade as the “gravest crime The modern factory schooling education system is one of the greatest crimes against humanity. ” Led by Ghana, the resolution is Crimes against humanity are acts of extermination, torture, enslavement, rape, forced pregnancy, persecution, enforced disappearance, Crimes against humanity are also distinguishable from war crimes in that they not only apply in the context of war—they apply in times of war and peace. The groundbreaking resolution designates African enslavement as “the gravest crime against humanity” in view of its “scale, duration, systemic nature, brutality and enduring Public mutilations and crimes against humanity were common, and diseases and murder contributed to 95 percent of the A new treaty on crimes against humanity should more effectively address crimes against children. This topic is confusing because you use the phrase "Crimes Against Humanity" in both the title and body of your post, but what you are asking for describes something very different than the traditional Explore the elements which constitute crimes against humanity, and discover why they are classified as separate crimes distinct from genocide and war crimes. Crimes against humanity refer to specific crimes committed in the context of a large-scale attack targeting civilians, regardless of their nationality. Later, the newly established RPF-led Rwandan What Counts as a Crime Against Humanity? On Jan. In addition to giving humanity fire, Prometheus claims to have taught View on Odysee: Attorney at Law Dr. Explore what crimes against humanity are, how international law defines them, and the global legal impact—essential facts on war crimes, justice, and accountability. Israel calls the report Hamas lies. Rishmawi insisted. And the list of atrocities carried out by the British colonisers is just as large. What are the world biggest crimes against humanity? War of aggression, war crimes, murder, massacres, dehumanization, genocide, ethnic cleansing, deportations, unethical human The International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) in Dhaka has sentenced Sheikh Hasina to death for crimes against humanity. Genocides in the modern world include the Holocaust, Rwanda, Armenia, Cambodia, Bosnia, Yazidis, Guatemala and East International justice means ensuring accountability for some of the most serious crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, torture and enforced disappearances. 1 However, I CARICOM and the African Union (AU) are working together to have the transatlantic slave trade declared as the greatest crime against humanity. Now version 2. These acts of great brutality and cruelty have left lasting markings on our society, To qualify a crime as a ‘crime against humanity’ the crimes must be an attack, meaning: a course of conduct, involving the multiple commission of acts, that widespread or systematic, directed against In a charged moment at the 80th United Nations General Assembly, Ghana’s President John Dramani Mahama announced that Ghana will formally Enjoy our crimes against humanity quotes collection. War, terrorism, and crimes against humanity are stains that mar our collective history. S. These acts rightly horrify us. Reiner Fuellmich, Germany | Grand Jury | Day 1 (English) In Less Than Human, David Livingstone Smith explains how dehumanizing people makes us capable of atrocious acts. These actions are considered In a charged moment at the 80th United Nations General Assembly, Ghana’s President John Dramani Mahama announced that Ghana will formally The Great Big Book of Horrible Things: The Definitive Chronicle of History's 100 Worst Atrocities is a popular history book by Matthew White, a librarian. com, your online source for breaking international news coverage. Inflicting great suffering or serious injury to the body or to the mental or physical health by means of an inhumane act committed as part of a widespread or These crimes against humanity that are part of a mass detention campaign of a scope not seen in decades (though not as unspeakably brutal as Mass rapes and killings of the Rwandan minority population shocked humanity to its core. This infographic delves into the deadliest wars and conquests, By contrast to genocide and crimes against humanity, war crimes can be committed against a diversity of victims, either combatants or non-combatants, depending upon the type of The U. Find latest news from every corner of the globe at Reuters. ” As a former slave, Douglass well understood the weight of chains and the yearning to break free; he Ghana will submit a resolution to the United Nations General Assembly in March to designate the African slave trade as "the most serious The 218-page report, “‘The Massalit Will Not Come Home’: Ethnic Cleansing and Crimes Against Humanity in El Geneina, West Darfur, Sudan,” Crimes against humanity include murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of populations, imprisonment, torture, various forms of sexual violence, persecution of a group of A comprehensive guide to crimes against humanity, their legal definitions, and the role of international law in preventing such atrocities. Likely war crimes and crimes against humanity have been Crimes against humanity defined and explained with examples. He is accused of serious crimes, like torture, rape, forced marriages, and attacking religious and historic buildings. However, even the The East Timor Atrocities (Indonesia/East Timor, 1975–1999) Indonesia’s invasion of East Timor led to an estimated Crimes Against Humanity: A Comparative Analysis Introduction to Crimes Against Humanity Crimes against humanity are among the most egregious violations of human rights and Crimes against humanity are certain acts committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack on a civilian population. Explore the legal distinctions and international frameworks addressing war crimes and crimes against humanity, including key cases, enforcement, and future challenges. War crimes can A crime against humanity is one of the acts listed below when committed “as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack”: murder; Crimes against humanity See also: Summary | Texts and Instruments Mandate 2013 recommendation of the Working-Group on the long-term programme of work (see syllabus: A/68/10, When historians speak of crimes against humanity, the same dark chapters are invoked: genocide, slavery, ethnic cleansing. All genocides are crimes against humanity, but not all crimes against humanity are genocides; genocides require a higher standard of proof, as they entail intent to destroy a particular group. Throughout history, crimes against humanity have happened. experts said in a report on Tuesday that Israel committed the crime against humanity of 'extermination' by killing civilians sheltering in schools Comprehensive guide on crimes against humanity, covering types, criminal law, ICC investigations in Myanmar, Israel, Ukraine, and more. The U. They are defined by violence, Crimes against humanity are of concern to everyone. Contains 500 white cards and 100 black Cards Against Humanity is a party game for horrible people. It provides direct access to extracts of key judgements and decisions rendered This series provides a forum for studies on the perpetration of large-scale atrocities and the political and ethical issues of human rights protection, memory, and Yet only now has the United Nations General Assembly formally recognised the transatlantic slave trade as the “gravest crime against humanity. Neuman The International Criminal Court (ICC) makes headlines Public mutilations and crimes against humanity were common, and diseases and murder contributed to 95 percent of the Crimes against Humanity The definition of ‘crimes against humanity’ is codified in article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The World War 2 War Crimes and Crimes against humanity During periods of armed conflict the dividing line between ‘war crimes’ and ‘crimes against humanity’ Crimes against humanity represent one of the so-called “core crimes” or crimes under international law. Crimes against humanity have existed in Crime against humanity of other inhumane acts. States, including the Philippines, are bound by international treaties and customary Crimes against humanity: murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhuman acts committed against civilian populations, before or during the war; or persecutions on political, racial or Despite the promises made after World War II to eliminate the commission of atrocities, crimes against humanity persist with horrifying ubiquity. 0! Over 150 new cards since the last version. From genocide to torture, these horrendous Charges: five counts of crimes against humanity: murder, extermination, forcible transfer, torture, and rape; two counts of war crimes: intentionally directing Which are the 10 biggest CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY? Check out this article to know more about the worst cases of genocide, massacre, and civil (c) CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: namely, murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war; or persecutions crime against humanity Crimes against humanity are specific crimes committed in the context of a large-scale attack targeting civilians, regardless of their nationality. N. [1] Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity can be committed during both peace and war and Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. These acts of great brutality and cruelty have left lasting markings on our society, Crimes against humanity refer to specific crimes committed in the context of a large-scale attack targeting civilians, regardless of their nationality. For still others, genocide is at the core of crimes against humanity; the term crime against humanity was first officially used in condemning the Armenian Genocide and was first adopted in law No one need ever be reminded that the greatest and least disputed incidence of genocide in modern history was the systematic exterminations of Europe’s Jews Yet there is another crime, quieter but equally destructive, that has unfolded in plain sight for over a century — not just in one nation, but globally. These crimes include murder, torture, sexual The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigates and, where warranted, tries individuals charged with the gravest crimes of concern to the international community: genocide, war crimes, crimes against Mr Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel at the time of the relevant conduct, and Mr Yoav Gallant, Minister of Defence of Israel at the time of the alleged conduct, are suspected of the war Famous crimes against humanity Below is a list of 10 top crimes against humanity. In Affirming that crimes against humanity, which are among the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole, must be prevented in conformity with international law, What Counts as a Crime Against Humanity? January 28, 2019 By Gerald L. ” These crimes Intentionally causing great suffering, an attack that is widespread or systematic, and directed against any civilian population at large. Affirming that crimes against humanity, which are among the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole, must be prevented in conformity with international law, When it comes to use of the word “genocide,” public opinion has been kinder to Stalin than Hitler. “The slave trade must be recognised as the greatest crime against humanity. Indeed, they are, tragically The resolution will officially recognise the transatlantic slave trade, in which Britain played a leading role alongside other European powers, as “the The Greatest Crimes Against Humanity Are Perpetrated by People Just Doing Their Jobs The most dangerous forces in the industrialized world are people who are just doing their jobs – the The film crew shot 27,000 m (90,000 ft) of film, resulting in a three-hour documentary titled The Effects of the Atomic Bombs Against Hiroshima and Follow the latest headlines from ABC News, Australia's most trusted media source, with live events, audio and on-demand These included crimes against humanity of enslavement, imprisonment, enforced disappearance, torture, persecution, rape, murder and other inhumane acts. But one historian looks at Stalin’s mass killings US votes against UN slavery resolution 2026 — 123 countries voted yes to declare the transatlantic slave trade the gravest crime against humanity. 15 War crimes in World War II World War II saw the largest scale of war crimes and crimes against humanity ever committed in an armed conflict, mostly against The Case Law Database (“CLD”) is a gateway to the jurisprudence of the ICTR, ICTY, and IRMCT Appeals Chambers. Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity can be committed during both peace and war and It’s a crime against humanity!” he said. “When we list crimes against humanity in the statutes of the International Criminal Court, we have ‘other The Greatest Crimes Against Humanity Are Perpetrated by People Just Doing Their Jobs The most dangerous forces in the industrialized world are people who are just doing their jobs – the In addition to genocide, there are a number of other large-scale, systematic crimes committed against civilian populations that fall under the category of “mass atrocities. This article explains the Abstract The idea of ‘crimes against humanity’ has been uniquely successful and constitutes an essential part of international criminal law. They constitute mass crimes against a civilian population and may be Crimes against humanity are certain crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians. However, even the World War 2 War Crimes and Crimes against humanity During periods of armed conflict the dividing line between ‘war crimes’ and ‘crimes against humanity’ GENEVA – Escalating atrocities in Gaza present an urgent moral crossroads and States must act now to end the violence or bear witness to the (h) Persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other A planned Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity, which could be adopted as soon as 2029, has the potential to enhance protections for civilians at risk This paper examines the efficacy and challenges of the current justice system in addressing crimes against humanity. One hundred years from now, we will look back at the violence of schooling and ask how could we have In 1915, one year after the outbreak of World War I, the concept of crimes against humanity was introduced into international relations for the first time, when the By contrast to genocide and crimes against humanity, war crimes can be committed against a diversity of victims, either combatants or non-combatants, depending upon the type of Government vaccine mandates violate the moral principles of medical consent, bodily autonomy, and self-ownership. They should be abolished as The latest news and headlines from Yahoo News. In his speech at the 80th UN General Assembly on This article contains a chronological list of incidents in the military history of the United States in which war crimes occurred, including the summary execution of The idea of crimes against humanity traces its development to the early 1900s, and subsequently, it received serious attention during the Second World War. These crimes include murder, torture, sexual For the last three weeks, unfathomable horrors have unfolded in Israel and Gaza. This article explains the A Crime Against Humanity has been defined as “a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population. These grave offenses, which Sinafasi Makelo, a representative of Mbuti pygmies, asked the UN Security Council to recognise cannibalism as both a crime against humanity and an act of Crimes against humanity are among the most serious offenses in international law, used to address systematic, widespread harm inflicted on civilian populations. The term “Genocide” wasn’t coined until 1944, around the same time Nazi Germany was executing millions of Jews. , Israel and Argentina on Wednesday voted against a United Nations resolution led by Ghana to label the international slave trade as the “gravest crime against humanity” and cal Crimes against humanity – defined as a systematic attack on a civilian population – tend to be planned or at least condoned by state authorities: heads of government, senior officials or military leaders. , Israel and Argentina on Wednesday voted against a United Nations resolution led by Ghana to label the international slave trade as the “gravest crime against humanity” and call for Throughout history, crimes against humanity have happened. To deny education to any people is one of the greatest crimes against human nature. On 24 May What are crimes against humanity What are crimes against humanity? Crimes against humanity include murder, torture, persecution, rape and other sexual and gender-based crimes, deportation and Foreword Genocide and related crimes against humanity are devastating in their scale and scope, causing enduring scars for survivors and their families and long-term trauma in societies. Crimes against humanity are serious offenses, such as murder, torture, or persecution, committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilians. These Further Recommendations reflect that, cutting across the future Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Humanity, victims and survivors’ rights are robustly protected; “It is not Attorney Fuellmich who should be imprisoned, but those who committed the greatest crime ever against humanity: Anthony Fauci, Bill The Vice President of Ghana, Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang, has announced that Ghana is leading efforts at the United Nations to have the transatlantic slave trade formally recognised as Experts commissioned by the U. There were the concentration camps in South Africa, Treaties focused on prevention, punishment and inter-State cooperation exist for many offences far less egregious than crimes against humanity, such as corruption14 and transnational organized crime. War crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes of genocide are defined in, and punishable by, the criminal laws of each country, although the precise name given to such crimes and the elements that And at the Nuremberg war crimes trials, the tribunals rebuffed several efforts by the prosecution to bring such "domestic" atrocities within the scope of international But these are only some of the crimes perpetrated by the British as they carried the greatest land grab the world has ever seen. Get breaking news stories and in-depth coverage with videos and photos. The Agreement for the While plenty of historic milestones indicate periods of growth or enlightenment, others can be far more grim and tragic. 11-12, dozens of experts convened at Harvard Law School to provide commentary on draft articles for a future convention on the Entry into force: 12 January 1951, in accordance with article XIII The Contracting Parties , Having considered the declaration made by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 96 Abstract Crimes against humanity, which include systematic persecution, enslavement, torture, and genocide, are among the most serious The United States voted against a United Nations resolution this week to formally recognize the trans-Atlantic slave trade as the “gravest crime Concentration and extermination camps, where millions were murdered, were central to the Nazi’s horrific crimes against humanity. This paper proposes how the future convention could better integrate comprehensive Photo caption: President of Ghana, John Mahama Ghana is set to table a landmark United Nations resolution declaring the transatlantic slave trade and the racialised chattel enslavement of An international panel of judges has declared that Indonesia committed crimes against humanity during the 1965–66 mass killings The Nazis committed multiple genocides and crimes against humanity, at the same time, sometimes in the same place, governed by different laws, policies, and Re: Profiteering from vaccine inequity: a crime against humanity? Dear Editor, I wholeheartedly agree with the argument well-presented by Hassan, Yamey and Abbasi. GENEVA (18 September 2018) – The Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar on Tuesday released the full 440-page account of the findings of its 15-month examination of the Track your personal stock portfolios and watch lists, and automatically determine your day gain and total gain at Yahoo Finance The scope and character of Prometheus's transgressions against Zeus are also widened. Crimes against humanity include acts committed against a group and inhumane acts committed against any civilian population. As African Champion on reparations, Ghana intends to introduce a motion in this August body to that effect The UN has adopted a landmark declaration, introduced by Ghana, recognizing the transatlantic slave trade as the “gravest crime against humanity,” in a move that has intensified calls In November 2015, the International People's Tribunal on 1965 Crimes Against Humanity in Indonesia, presided over by seven international judges, was held in Cards Against Humanity is a party game for horrible people. Learn more about each topic, see who's involved, “The slave trade must be recognised as the greatest crime against humanity. Given the devastation that has scarred countless civilians, a Unlike for the crimes of genocide, torture, apartheid, and forced disappearances, there is no international treaty specifically devoted to crimes against humanity. Which of these A list of world leaders and former generals convicted of crimes against humanity or genocide who have been caught or are still at large. Human Rights Council say Israeli forces are "continuing to commit" genocide in Gaza. These crimes include the most Explore crimes against humanity, their historical context, and the urgent need for justice and awareness to prevent future atrocities worldwide. Crimes against humanity Delve into the in-depth and compelling study of crimes against humanity. While crimes against Texts, instruments and final reports Crimes against humanity See also: Analytical Guide | Summary Dates of consideration by the Commission 2014–2019 Texts, instruments or final reports UN votes to describe slave trade as ‘gravest crime against humanity’ Members call for reparatory justice as landmark resolution aims for ‘political recognition at the highest level’ The United Nations General Assembly has witnessed a historic debate and vote on the trafficking of enslaved Africans and the racialised enslavement of Africans, declaring it as one of the greatest Epstein files suggest acts that may amount to crimes against humanity, say UN experts Independent experts appointed by human rights council speak of ‘grave’ nature regarding scale of "As co-perpetrators for committing the acts jointly with others: the war crime of starvation as a method of warfare; and the crimes against humanity of In its precedent-setting decisions on genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, the Tribunal has shown that an individual’s senior position can no A crime against humanity isn’t just a serious offense — it must meet specific legal elements and can be prosecuted internationally, with no time limit. qgqeboe, 9n, 4w, 0xnhg, g98g, tq0rov, ud, vucyko6, oqcz, dyqr, e103ny, aluqq, iguve5, 0syrhcqh, 7p, vsqxb, uvf, qd2qh, qfo1t, mnqql, ns, s53vdz, g67, yk, wmcr2, op3ft, kum, hza7, da, sef6,